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JavaScript is one of most famous programming languages with especially its flexibility. In java script sometimes it might be a challenge the understanding variable scopes and using variables in the code. This is the reason we should learn the variable scope in Javascript for writing bug free code.

• Global Scope: Variables defined outside of a function or a code block. It will be defined globally and accessible from all around the application.
• Local Scope: Variables are defined in a function or a code block, So only in that block they can be accessible not globally.

Variables are defining outside of any function or any block, So they are reachable globally at the application.

var globalVariable = 'This is a global variable';

function print() {
    console.log(globalVariable); // Accessible from function
}

print();
console.log(globalVariable); // Accessible outside the function also and any other locations

Variables are defining within the function and it is accesible only within this function

function greet() {
    var localVariable = 'Local variable definition';
    console.log(localVariable); // Accessible within the function
}

greet();
console.log(localVariable); // Error: localVariable is not defined

Hoisting is one important feature about variable scope in JavaScrip. JavaScript hoists variable declarations to the top of their containing scope. This means that even if you declare a variable inside a block or a function, it is as if it were declared at the beginning of that block or function.

function hoistingExample() {
  console.log(x); // Outputs 'undefined'
  var x = 10;
  console.log(x); // Outputs '10'
}

hoistingExample();

In this example, x is hoisted to the top of the hoistingExample function, but it is initialized with undefined. It's essential to be aware of hoisting to avoid unexpected behavior in your code.

Knowledge on variable scope is very important to write clean and maintainable code in JavaScript. By learning the concepts of variable scopes and additionally hoisting, you can avoid common pitfalls and write more efficient JavaScript code.

That is all

Burak Hamdi TUFAN